People can become infected through:
Contaminated Water
Drinking untreated water from:
- Lakes
- Rivers
- Streams
- Wells
can expose you to parasites such as Giardia.
Contaminated Food
Raw or undercooked foods may carry parasites, including:
- Seafood
- Meat
- Fresh produce washed with contaminated water
Poor Hand Hygiene
Parasites can spread if hands are not washed after:
- Using the bathroom
- Changing diapers
- Handling animals
- Preparing food
Travel
Traveling to areas with poor sanitation increases the risk of certain parasitic infections.
Recreational Water
Swimming pools, water parks, and lakes can occasionally spread parasites if the water becomes contaminated.
When Should You See a Doctor?
Seek medical care if you have:
- Diarrhea lasting more than three days
- Severe abdominal pain
- Blood in your stool
- High fever
- Persistent vomiting
- Signs of dehydration (dry mouth, dizziness, very dark urine)
- Significant weight loss
- Symptoms after international travel
A healthcare provider may recommend stool tests or other laboratory tests to identify the cause.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the specific parasite involved.
Doctors may prescribe:
- Antiparasitic medications
- Oral rehydration solutions
- Electrolytes
- Additional supportive care if dehydration is present
Do not self-medicate with unproven “parasite cleanses” or herbal remedies, as they may be ineffective or even harmful.
Can You Prevent Parasitic Infections?
Yes. Simple preventive measures can greatly reduce your risk.
Wash Your Hands
Always wash thoroughly with soap and water:
- Before eating
- Before preparing food
- After using the toilet
- After handling pets
Drink Safe Water
- Use treated or bottled water when traveling.
- Avoid swallowing water while swimming.
Cook Food Thoroughly
Proper cooking helps kill many parasites that may be present in meat or seafood.
Wash Fruits and Vegetables
Rinse fresh produce under clean running water before eating.
Practice Safe Travel Habits
When visiting areas with limited sanitation:
- Drink bottled or boiled water.
- Avoid raw foods unless you can peel them yourself.
- Be cautious with ice if the water source is uncertain.
